CCNA Static Routing: Host vs Subnet (/32 vs /24)

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Deploy a compact two-site topology with a WAN core and two end hosts to practice IPv4 static host routes (/32) versus subnet routes (/24). You will configure a specific /32 host route to steer one destination host over the direct R1–R3 path while a broader /24 for the same remote LAN is sent via the R1–R2–R3 core. Validate with show commands and traceroute, then troubleshoot longest-prefix match and return-path issues.

Learning objectives

• Configure IPv4 static host routes (/32) and subnet routes (/24) on IOS (iol-xe).
• Demonstrate longest-prefix match where the /32 host route overrides the /24 for the same network.
• Verify forwarding decisions with show ip route and end-to-end traceroute from hosts.
• Troubleshoot overlapping static routes and return-path issues.

Troubleshooting focus

• Verify every link's interface status and IP addressing (`show ip interface brief`) and correct any interface that is down or misaddressed.
• Confirm each device's running configuration matches the lab objective, and bring any interface, route, or service that is not in its expected state back to health.
• Trace end-to-end reachability with ping/traceroute and isolate the first hop where forwarding fails.